Everything about Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-lubecki totally explained
Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki (; sometimes spelled Xawery,
1778 -
1846) was an important politician of the first half of the
18th century in the
partitioned Poland. He was a
prince and
minister of the
treasury in the
Congress Kingdom of Poland. He is known as one of the prominent economists and financiers of his era. He was nicknamed "Small Prince".
Biography
Franciszek was born to
Franciszek Drucki-Lubecki and
Genowefa Olizar of the
Rurukid family of Princes Drucki-Lubeckies in
Saint Petersburg on
28 December 1778. After graduation from an infantry
cadet school he joined the
Russian military in
1794 and remained in service until 1800. He served under the command of
Alexander Suvorov and participated in his campaigns in
Italy and
Switzerland. Then he became the
Marshal of Nobility of
Grodno gubernia.
From
1813 to
1815 he was the member of the High Provisional Council (
Rada Najwyższa Tymczasowa) of the
Duchy of Warsaw. He supported the peaceful resolution of the conflict with
Russian Empire and supported
Alexander I of Russia, whom he thought was liberal enough to support extended Polish autonomy. In
1816 he became the
Governor General of Grodno gunernia and a member of the commission for settling the financial accounts between Kingdom of Poland and Russian Empire. He organised a campaign for the introduction of foreign investors, professionals and workers into Poland. In 1816, as a governor, he issued a set of conditions for the settlement of "useful foreigners" in the Congress Kingdom of Poland. City of
Łódź was one that greatly benefited from his policies, becoming an important
textile center
(External Link
) (External Link).
On 20 June 1820 he married
Maria Scipio del Campo. They had two daughters:
Tekla Drucka-Lubecka and
Genowefa Drucka-Lubecka.
From
1821 to
1830 he was the minister of Treasure in the Kingdom of Poland. From 1824 he reformed the
mining and
ironworks industries. His policies significantly improved the
budget and treasury of the Kingdom: he introduced many saving policies, improved
tax collection, introduced new
indirect taxes and expanded the national
monopoly on
salt and
tobacco. He eliminated the
budgetary deficit and using his connections in Russia he eliminated many
tariffs between the Kingdom of Poland and proper Russian Empire. This has improved the Polish
exports eastwards. He also protected new industries from western
import, especially from Germany, which led to a
tariff war with Prussia. He founded the
National Bank of Poland in
1828(External Link), he was also the initiator of the
Land Credit Society (
Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie). Drucki was convinced of harmfulness of
laissez-faire policies
(External Link) and supported
state interventionism.
He represented the political faction known as 'Conciliators', which believed that Polish independence may come only through economic growth and diplomacy, not military adventures
(External Link) (External Link). However the Conciliators were handicapped not only by their domestic opponents, the 'Insurrectionist' faction, but by the Russian imperial authorities themselves who rarely saw the need to compromise with a defeated, weak enemy
(External Link). In the second half of the 19th century such line of thought would be continued by the
positivists, and later by the
endecja movement. Therefore Drucki opposed the
November Uprising against the Russia, which he deemed as folly and a dangerous gambit which would lose all that has been achieved over the past decade. During the uprising he attempted to negotiate with Russian authorities, but to no avail. After the defeat of the uprising - which, incidentally, was sponsored by money Drucki gathered in the nation's treasury - he left Poland but still remained in the Polish government, becoming a member of the new, now much more Russian controlled, National Council.
Since December 1830 he worked in Saint Petersburg on the legal reform for Poland. Since
1832 he became a member of
State Council of Imperial Russia. In
1834 he worked on settling the financial accounts between Russia and
France. After 1830 never returned to Poland.
He died on
23 May 1846 in Saint Petersburg.
Ksawera quatrer in
Będzin is named after him. There is also a
non-governmental think tank in Poland, dedicated to the worlds of business and academics:
Fundacja Instytut Analiz Politycznych im. ks. X. Druckiego-Lubeckiego.
Further Information
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